So, I was curious about Korean. I know some Japanese and some Chinese, but no Korean! With all those circles and lines, I wondered what kind of alphabet they had, what kind of vowels and consonants they used, and what kind of basic grammar structure they had. I did a little browsing, and found some phrases.
예 "ye" = yes. It sounds like a cross between "yay" and "yuh" (see Google Translate of "Yes" to Korean and push "listen" to hear how it sounds). It is a circle with two lines sticking out of the right, and connect them with another line, then another parallel line. Almost looks like a doorknob. If someone passes you a note in class, saying, "Are you going to the basketball game tomorrow?" You could write "예 ". You could even say "Ye," and people will probably think you were just saying "yeah" with a British or New Zealander accent. (or Korean accent if they knew Korean.)
To say "hello," 안녕하세요, it is "annyeonghaseyo". (On the simple phrases list of the one website, it says it means "How are you?" So, I guess it means "How are you?" and can be used as a greeting.) Listening to this on Google Translate, it sounds like "Ann yung ha say oh." They say it pretty fast, so I'd try to say it in the same amount of time it takes one to say "extraordinary."
To say "no," 아니요, it is "aniyo," like "Annie yo," based on what I heard on Google Translate. This one looks easy to write. The first character is a circle with a stick with a little leaf sticking off the side. It is one character, and you can tell by highlighting it with your computer mouse. The second one is like a wide four with the middle part slanted up. The last character looks just like yes, but on its side and only one connecting line without the extra parallel one.
One website said this was "no," but just as no has various uses in English "I don't no" (just kidding, that is actually a different word.) Since there are different subtle uses to the word "no" in English, in my opinion, such as "No, thanks" and "There is no water" and "No, I didn't do that" and "I'll be back in no time," there are probably different uses of (and perhaps different words for) the word "no" in Korean as well. The translation on Google Translate for "no" is 없음, "eobs-eum," and for "No thanks" it is 아니요,"aniyo." Since on learnkorean.com, the 아니요 ("aniyo") version of "no" was on their basic phrase list along with "yes," I would guess that "aniyo" is the way to say a general "no" response, like to a question.
Some more background info, about the characters: It appears that some (or all? I don't know) are made by combining the phonetic alphabet characters into one character. That probably makes it easier, since the geometric shapes don't look much like pictures that relate to the word. (Some characters of the Japanese language that look like pictures of what they mean are 木 (tree), 川 (river), and 山 (mountain).)
Korean characters: If you look closely, you can see how the three characters on the left are put together in the character on the right.
Google Translate. Web. 04 Mar. 2011. http://translate.google.com/#en|ko|.
"Korean for Fun: Basics I -- Simple Phrases." LearnKorean.com: Korean for Fun: Basics I. Web. 04 Mar. 2011. http://www.learnkorean.com/k4fun/k4fun_basic.asp."Lesson 1 Hangul Alphabet System." Learn Korean and Speak Korean :- Free Site for Learning Korean Language. Kpop Team, 2009. Web. 04 Mar. 2011. http://www.learn-korean.net/learn-korean-classes-viewarticle-5.html.